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Microfluidic and nanotechnologies for chemistry, biology, and bioengineering
Cover Gallery
Scientists at Sandia have developed an automated portable device (23 x 20 x 13 cm and ~2kg) that uses electrophoretic immunoassays for rapid detection of diseade biomarkers. Image reproduced by permission of Anup K. Singh from Lab Chip 2008, 8(12), 2046
DOI: 10.1039/B819445A
This is a SEM image of the cross section of a PDMS channel that has been coated with photoreactive sol gel onto which polyacrylic acid has been grafted. The polyacrylic acid appears as a rough layer on the channel walls. Grafting the polyacrylic acid changes the wettability of the coated channel from a hydrophobic 105 degrees to a hydrophilic 22 degrees. The grafting can also be controlled spatially. This allows high contrast spatial patterning of microchannel wettability. Image reproduced by permission of David Weitz.
DOI: 10.1039/B819449C
Reflections on the life and work of Andreas Manz. Image reproduced by permission of Anderas Manz.
DOI: 10.1039/B815546C
A Nomarski photomicrograph of a bacterial sorter. The curvature of the sorter separates the shortest cells from a population of motile E. coli. The heart-shaped features are bacterial ratchets, which force the cells to swim unidirectionally. Image reproduced by permission of George M. Whitesides.
DOI: 10.1039/b817326p
Illustration of convergence between MEMS engineers (building culture systems for microorganisms and incorporation of microbial features in their designs) and microbiologists (who use LOC devices and are becoming microengineers in the field of synthetic biology). Here, a yeast cell is considered from a microengineer's perspective, as a blueprint translated into a prototype. Image reproduced by permission of Colin J. Ingham.
DOI: 10.1039/B804790A
A highly parallel, self-assembling strategy that enables self-loading, untethered, 3D microwells for bioengineering. Image reproduced by permission of David H. Gracias.
DOI: 10.1039/B815782K
Drops of a water-in-oil emulsion are stabilized bya novel non-ionic fluorosurfactant that allows for successful in-vitro transcription and translation of genes into enzymes as shown by the fluorescent product inside these 20-micron sized drops. The surfactant is necessary to stabilize the drops and make the droplet interface biocompatible. Image reproduced by permission of Christian Holtze.
DOI: 10.1039/B815787C
A droplet-based microfluidic system is used for encapsulating individual C. elegans into nanoliter-sized droplets to characterize the worm behavior in response to neurotoxin at single animal resolution. Image reproduced by permission of Bingcheng Lin.
DOI: 10.1039/B808753A
Transparent inorganic polymer derived microreactors demonstrate the capability of organic synthetic reactions with excellent solvent resistance. Image reproduced by permission of Dong-Pyo Kim.
DOI: 10.1039/B813275P
A novel assembly approach where users construct custom microfluidic devices in minutes without complicated fabrication steps by using prefabricated assembly blocks. Image reproduced by permission of Mark A. Burns.
DOI: 10.1039/B805137B
Time-evolution of protein sizing using a non-linear polyacrylamide gel pore-size gradient in a microfluidic channel (false color images collected via fluorescence microscopy). Image reproduced by permission of Amy E. Herr.
DOI: 10.1039/B811665M
The complete SmartBuild Plug-n-Play Modular Microfluidic System that comprises of a motherboard, fitting components, microchannel inserts with different configurations, modules with different functionalities including detection, heating and pumping, and a printed circuit board with integrated pin connectors, and ribbon cable and fiber optic connectors for system control, data collection and detection. Image reproduced by permission of Po Ki Yuen.
DOI: 10.1039/B811670A
HeLa cells are captured and cultured on silicon cantilevers within microfluidic devices for the measurement of the cell mass in fluid. Cover image courtesy of Janet Sinn-Hanlon, Beckman ITG. Image reproduced by permission of Rashid Bashir.
DOI: 10.1039/B803601B
Acute myeloid leukemia cells occlude microchannels of an in vitro capillary network, mimicking the in vivo microvascular obstruction seen in leukostasis, a complication of acute leukemia. Confocal microscopy image reproduced by permission of Daniel Fletcher.
DOI: 10.1039/b809856p
A microfluidic device for genetic amplification and analysis that makes use of fully integrated, electrothermally actuated microvalves. These electrically controlled microvalves are readily scaled to smaller dimensions and require minimal infrastructure for operation. In the background, the circular mottled regions at the bottom right and top left are expanding regions of solid polymer as a valve changes state. Image reproduced by permission of Chris Backhouse.
DOI: 10.1039/b809859j
A novel on-chip cell migration assay. The large electrode in the centre is the counter electrode and the "O-ring" shaped structure represents the sensing electrode array. The four superimposed surrounding images are separate photographs taken in the process of CaSki cell migration (from lower left, clockwise). Image reproduced by permission of Jing Cheng.
DOI: 10.1039/B804130J
Templated assembly in a microfluidic channel by sequential loading of gel modules, containing three distinctly labeled populations of cells (fluorescence microscope image). Image reproduced by permission of George M. Whitesides.
DOI: 10.1039/B719806J
Conceptual image showing the principle of stretching a device in order to tune it. Image reproduced by permission of Jason P. Beech.
DOI: 10.1039/B805964K
Continuous, one-step purification of proteins using liquid-liquid extraction in a microfluidic chip. Proteins are genetically engineered to carry a partition tag that allows their purification by selective partitioning in a PEG-salt two-phase system. (E. Coli image reproduced from the US NIH-NIAID image library (credit: Rocky Mountain Laboratories) and protein structures PDB ID: 2HGD, 1L56 and 1U87 from the RCSB PDB.) Image reproduced by permission of A Singh and
R Meagher.
DOI: 10.1039/b716462a
Chaotic mixing patterns are generated by micro-actuators, integrated in microfluidic channels. This method was inspired by micro-organisms such as Paramecium, propelling themselves by actuated cilia (micro-hairs) that cover their surface. Image designed by H Herps and reproduced by permission of J den Toonder.
DOI: 10.1039/b804218g
A microfluidic device against a backdrop of holographically featured photonic crystal that is built in microfluidic channels. The optofluidic integration allows fine tuning of photonic bandgaps. Image reproduced by permission of S-M Yang.
DOI: 10.1039/b717960j
Bead-based microfluidic immunoassay integrated with electrokinetic preconcentration for pre-binding enhancement. Target molecules are preconcentrated before primary immuno-binding reaction for improved sensitivity and dynamic
range of detection. Image reproduced by permission of J Han.
DOI: 10.1039/b802443j
A microfluidic device is used to address the fundamental mechanism of how neurons respond to complex microenvironments. Images designed by C J Wang and X Li, and reproduced by permission of A Levchenko.
DOI: 10.1039/b713945d
A step pattern (red) convolved with microfluidic blurring (blue) deposits protein (purple). A fitted deposition model convolved with the desired pattern drives syringes to create a 1-D protein pattern. Image reproduced by permission of J Wikswo.
DOI: 10.1039/b800757h
A microfluidic device to effect gene transfer into single stem cells using electroporation. Images prepared by J Huijben, and reproduced by permission of A van den Berg.
DOI: 10.1039/b713420g
Yeast cell patterned on the surface of an integrated circuit/microfluidic chip. Image reproduced by permission of R Westervelt.
DOI: 10.1039/b718694k
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